10 Common Motorcycle Crashes and How To Avoid Them
(https://www.rideapart.com/features/254912/10-common-motorcycle-accidents-and-how-to-avoid-them/)
Learn how to be safe out there.
Riding a motorcycle is dangerous. Luckily, bikes also give you the best possible tools to avoid crashing—incredibly powerful brakes, obstruction-free vision, excellent handling, and very grippy tires. Here’s how to use those tools, and your very own brain, to avoid one of these common motorcycle accidents.
Motorcycle Safety:
Want to reduce your odds of dying in a crash? Get educated. New riders should complete a basic rider course from the MSF or similar while advanced tuition is available at race tracks. It can be cheaper than you fear.
Safety gear doesn’t just help prevent injury in a crash, it can also make riding more comfortable, put you in better control of your bike, and help you be seen by other drivers. Bright colors on your helmet and jacket/suit will help car drivers see you, potentially avoiding some of the common accidents detailed below.
1: A Car Turns Left In Front Of You
The most common motorcycle accident. A car fails to see you or judges your speed incorrectly, turning in front of you at an intersection. Blame inattention, distraction, blind spots and even psychology; a driver looking for cars perceives merely an absence of cars, not the presence of a motorcycle.
How To Avoid It: Simple, you just need to see it coming. Part of your job as a motorcyclist is to develop a precognitive sixth sense. Look for signs that could indicate someone may turn in front of you: a car is at an intersection waiting to turn, there’s a gap in traffic near an intersection, driveway or parking lot. In either situation, slow down, cover your brakes and get ready to take evasive action. Yes, you do need to take something as innocuous as a car waiting in a turn lane as a major and immediate threat to your life. You also need to account for objects outside of your vision. Gaps in traffic indicate the possibility of someone coming through that gap, even if you can’t see them. Again, MAJOR THREAT, PREPARE FOR EVASIVE ACTION.
And once you’ve identified said threat, you can work it through levels of severity. Is the driver clearly able to see you, without obstruction from their window pillars, trees or signs? Is that person actually looking? Are they looking at you? How are they situated in the road? What is their speed? Where are their wheels pointing?
Look at their wheels, not the car – they’ll give you the first clue of movement. During all this, also be aware of what’s behind and to your side. Should you need to take evasive action, you’ll need to know your routes of escape. It’s no good braking in time to avoid a turning car, only to be swatted from behind by a tailgating SUV. What’s the road surface like? Is it going to be able to handle the full force of your brakes or are you going to lock them? You do know how to use the full ability of your brakes, right?
Under no circumstances should you “lay the bike down.” Your best chance of survival comes from shedding as much speed as possible pre-collision, and you’re going to be able to do that best with the bike completely upright, using both brakes. Even if you only have time to lose 10 or 20 mph, that could be the difference between going home with bruises and going home at all.
2: You Hit Gravel In A Blind Corner
You’re out riding the twisties when, seemingly without warning, you round a corner to find a patch of sand/gravel/leaves/horse dung/whatever in your path. You put your front tire in it and wipe out.
How To Avoid It: Don’t hit it in the first place. Ride at a pace where your reaction time and ability to take action fit within your range of vision. On the road, “Slow In, Fast Out” is an effective rule of thumb. Enter a corner wide, to increase your vision and at an easy pace. You can pick up the speed on the way out, once you can see.
Trail braking is a slightly more advanced skill that you’ll need to learn and practice on a track before applying on the road. Using it, you brake all the way to the apex using the front brake before swapping brake for throttle. Since you’re already on the brakes and the bike’s weight is distributed forward, compressing the front suspension and increasing the size of the front tire’s contact patch, you can easily tighten your line by applying a little more brake or widen it by letting off. Doing so should help you avoid obstacles such as gravel.
Another advanced skill, which is oddly controversial in rule-loving America, but which is taught by advanced police riders abroad, is to maximize vision by using the full width of the road, regardless of lanes. Vision equals safety equals speed. Again, learn this from a trained professional before trying it yourself.
3: You Entered A Corner Too Fast
And now it’s unexpectedly tightening and you’re just not going to make it around. Oh no.
How To Avoid It: Don’t be a dummy. Only ride as fast as you can see and use visual clues like telephone poles and signs to judge a road’s direction, even if that road is disappearing over a blind crest.
If you do find yourself going too fast in a corner, the best approach is to trust the bike and try to ride it out. The bike is likely more capable than you are, so it’s really you that’s not capable of making it around. Take as much lean out of the bike as possible by hanging off, look where you want to go and be as smooth as possible on the controls. Do not whack on the brakes, chop the throttle or do anything else that may upset the bike and cause a loss of traction. Don’t panic if a peg or knee or something else touches down, just try to hold that lean angle, look for the corner exit and ride it out.
This is another situation in which trail braking can be a real help, allowing you to safely shed speed while already in the corner.
4: A Car Changes Lane Into You
You’re riding in traffic when a car in another lane suddenly veers into the space you’re occupying. Remember, our tiny motorcycles can easily fit into blind spots and drivers looking for cars aren’t psychologically programmed to see motorcycles.
How To Avoid It: Be aware of where blind spots lie and spend as little time in them as possible. If you can see a driver's eyes in their mirrors, then they have the ability to see you, too (But remember that still doesn't always mean they're looking – Ed.).
Beware of situations where lane changes become more possible. Is highway traffic slowing, with one lane moving faster than others? People are going to want to be in that lane. Don’t be where they want to be.
Look for signs of a car changing lanes: turn signals, wheels turning, the car wandering around its own lane while the driver checks his/her mirrors and, of course, the driver’s head moving. Be aware of all that, in all the cars around you, at all times, and you’ll be good.
5: A Car Hits You From Behind
You come to a halt a stop sign/crosswalk/intersection/to avoid a family of baby ducks when the driver behind you doesn’t see you or isn’t trying to and plows into you at high speed. The most common car accident is a “fender bender.” A fender bender can kill a motorcyclist.
How To Avoid It: Use cars as your very own crumple zone. A single car stopped at a multi-lane stoplight, with more cars coming from behind? Pull in front of it (wave nicely) and you’re cushioned from any subsequent impacts. Between a line of cars works just as well.
No free crumple zones available? Stop to the side rather than the center of a lane, rapidly flash your brake light by tapping a brake lever, keep the bike in gear and your right hand on the throttle. Pay attention to what’s coming up behind you and be prepared to scoot away should it appear someone’s about to come plowing into you.
Be particularly aware in situations where there’s bad visibility, at times when drunk driving is prevalent (do all the bars around you let out at 01:00?) and when stops are unexpected, such as at pedestrian crosswalks on very busy streets and stuff like those cute baby ducks crossing the road.
6: Your Riding Buddies Are Idiots
You’ve seen it happen. A group is out for a ride when one of them stops suddenly or something similar. His buddy is too busy daydreaming to realize and hits him from behind. This has happened to us; it can happen to anyone.
How To Avoid It: Make sure everyone is aware of proper group riding etiquette and knows to ride in a staggered formation. You’d be amazed how many people are unaware of this simple technique. Doing so increases vision and moves bikes out of line with each other, meaning a temporary lapse in attention won't result in a collision. Pick smarter riding buddies or do what I do: ride alone.
7: You Locked The Front Brake
Oh no, a deer/cute girl/cop/stopped traffic. You grab a fistful of front brake and, next thing you know, you’re lying on the ground, watching your bike cartwheel down the street.
How To Avoid It: Learn to use your front brake. It might seem counterintuitive, but that front brake is the most powerful and difficult-to-master component on your motorcycle; it can alter your speed much more quickly than your engine.
If you’re just learning to ride, have simply never mastered this skill or bought a new bike and need to learn it, find a big, empty parking lot and start practicing. From a set speed (say, 30 mph), start braking at a certain mark, then repeat ad infinitum until you’ve reduced your braking distance as much as possible. You should be able to feel the tire on the very edge of locking up and the rear wheel lifting off the ground. Then go and practice at higher and higher speeds until you can employ the maximum braking ability of your motorcycle reliably and safely.
Or just buy a bike with ABS, remember you have it, and squeeze the lever as hard as you can when you need to make an emergency stop.
8: A Car Opened Its Door
The biggest gap in traffic was between a line of parked cars and a stationary line of active traffic. So you go scooting through it when, all of a sudden, Nathan-no-look swings his door wide open right in front of you.
How To Avoid It: Never, ever, ever, ever ride between an active traffic lane and parked cars. Not just because of the opening doors thing, but because pedestrians step out, cars pull out so they can see, and for a million other reasons. Just don’t do it. If you do, somehow, find yourself in a door-opening situation though, follow all the advice above and brake as hard as possible. Even if a collision is inevitable, shedding even a small fraction of your speed can really help.
Cyclists call the area next to parked cars, within a door's width “The Death Zone” for a reason.
9: It’s Slippery!
Stuff is coming out of the sky! That stuff is cold, wet and, surprise surprise, slippery. Listen to Douglas Adams and don’t panic.
How To Avoid It: Does your bike have decent tires on it or were you silly and decided that running track rubber on the road was a good idea? Hint: it’s not. So long as you’re running reasonable tires and those tires aren’t worn out, you’ll be surprised at how well a motorcycle does in wet or even snowy conditions. Just slow down and be as smooth as possible on the controls.
In the wet, stuff like manhole covers become super, extra slippery and you’ll need to watch out for oil and diesel on the road as well. Look for patches of rainbow and avoid those. If it hasn’t rained for a while, the first hour or so of rainfall is the most treacherous; it lifts all the oils and whatnot out of the pavement, floating it on top. Treat yourself to a hot cup of coffee and wait for a solid downpour to wash all that junk away.
Also, beware of the limited visibility rain creates for other drivers and their general ineptitude; car drivers don’t seem to understand that slippery conditions necessitate longer following distances and earlier braking.
Ron Haslam advocates keeping revs up in the wet. The thinking is that, should your rear spin up, you’ll be using a smaller amount of throttle opening, allowing you to regain traction much easier than if you’re riding at 30mph in 6th, at wide-open throttle.
10: The Most Common Bike Accident
According to the 1981 Hurt Report—the largest study ever conducted on motorcycle accident causation—alcohol is a factor in 50 percent of all bike wrecks.
How To Avoid It: Don’t drink and ride.
Defensive Riding
For most motorcycle riders, staying safe is top priority and with ever increasing traffic congestion comes frustrated road users that can be unpredictable, act irrationally and sometimes dangerously. As our roads are becoming more hazardous with an ever increasing potential for an incident, a defensive riding strategy is essential to all motorcycle riders.
What is Defensive Riding?
Defensive riding is a strategy that helps a motorcycle rider to always be in control and not to be surprised by the actions of others. It is about observing, anticipating, planning ahead and this strategy enables a motorcycle rider to remain in a safe controllable situation. Other than safety, there are other benefits too. Defensive riding helps to reduce tyre and brake wear, and will also reduce the amount of fuel used. To effectively use defensive riding, skills required are:
Alertness
Observation
Awareness
Anticipation
Planning
Control
Stay Alert
Defensive riding requires the rider to continuously stay alert. Just a short lapse of concentration can easily result in an incident. If you begin to feel tired, find somewhere safe to pull over for a break.
Observation and Awareness
Observation is about knowing what’s going on all around you, appropriate use of mirrors and to use anything to your advantage – for example, using reflections in widows to spot hazards and looking through parked car windows to gain a better view of the road. Look thru the windows of cars to anticipate hazards. Effective observation though essential, is only useful if you have awareness of the potential hazards that you’re looking for.
Anticipate and Plan
You’re observing, have become aware of a hazard and now you need to anticipate what might happen and plan accordingly. Never assume other road users are going to do the correct thing. For example, the car intending on moving out of the junction ahead might have difficulty seeing me in the position that I’m in. Plan ahead and consider putting yourself in a position that allows you to be seen, or adjust your speed so that you have the ability to slow down or stop if the vehicle exits the junction.
Control
You put an effective plan into action and therefore you are staying in control of the situation.
Visibility – The Basics
You can start by making things easier for yourself by increased visibility. A black bike and black leathers might look cool but it doesn’t do much for visibility. High visibility clothing and reflective tape for your motorcycle will increase visibility making it significantly easier for other road user to see you. Daytime running lights (DRL) will also aid in visibility.
As a defensive motorcycle rider, maintain a visible presence and avoid dark clothing that’s difficult to see.
If your bike doesn’t have DRL’s, you can manually fit some. These are bright and help to increase visibility during the daytime, but must not be used during low light as they can blind other road users. If DRL’s aren’t for you, ensure you ride with dipped lights during the daytime.
Defensive Riding Tips
It’s important to be always alert and observant as an incident can occur on any road and at any time. Here are essential defensive riding tips that cover particular situations where motorcycle riders are at most risk.
Junctions – Junctions represent the single most hazardous aspect of motorcycle riding. Good defensive riding will see a rider looking ahead for signs that indicate a junction is ahead and other indications such as gaps in houses or cars crossing the road ahead. Assess the junction and ride at a speed that allows you to stop safely or that allows you an escape route. Ask yourself; is the junction busy, can I see everything at my current speed or should I slow down and can they see me? If the driver can’t see me, what shall I do?
Overtaking – Another statistic high on the motorcyclists accident list is overtaking. Most accidents occur when a rider is overtaking slow moving traffic (or ‘filtering‘ as it’s often referred to), where a vehicle is turning right. Remember, don’t assume that other road users will always do the correct procedure and always expect the unexpected. Good defensive riding will see the rider keeping a keen eye on vehicle signals (particularly those turning right), and to be especially careful where right-turn junctions are located.
Rain – Most people know that wet roads are hazardous. But did you know that slippery road oil rises to the surface until it is eventually washed off by the rain shower? Wet leaves and loose gravel are hazardous too, especially on curves. Cross railroad tracks at 90 degrees and watch out for that "slippery when wet" road paint.
Bends – Another accident hotspot for motorcyclists are bends. Always ask yourself; how sharp is the bend, is my road position correct, am I going too fast and can I stop safely if I need to? Most accidents at bends occur either due to speed, where the motorcycle loses traction with the road surface, or the rider fails to stop in time due to a hazard. Always consider weather and road conditions as this is particularly vulnerable to motorcycle riders.
Following distance – A vehicle may slow down or change direction with little or no warning. Maintaining a safe following distance from vehicles in front allows you time to think, slow down or stop if necessary. The 2 second rule offers a simple method for maintaining safe following distances. If a vehicle is following you too closely (tailgating), the safest process here is to gradually slow down to increase the distance from the vehicle in front. This allows you more time to slow down if necessary and reduces the potential for the vehicle behind to collide.
Speed – Excessive speed is a major cause of accidents for motorcycle riders. The faster you travel, the less time you have to react to a hazard. If there’s the potential for hazards to develop, always keep to a speed that allows you an escape route. An escape route can be anything from and change of direction to slowing down or stopping.
Country roads – Other than sharp bends detailed above, country roads have their own set of hazards. Road surfaces can often be worn and uneven and may contain more potholes. Farm traffic often uses country roads and can leave mud and debris. There’s often no pavements in rural areas, so be prepared to see pedestrians or horses walking in the road – this can be especially hazardous on bends.
How to Start Defensive Riding
To want to become a defensive rider is a great start and with practice, it’ll become second nature. Here’s how to start defensive riding:
Continually assess what’s going on around you. Make frequent use of mirrors and observe the blind spot before changing direction.
Always be aware of what’s directly around you and behind you, but it’s important that you know what’s going on in front, up to the horizon.
Constantly scan the road ahead from near to far distance and from side to side. Recognising hazards is integral to defensive driving. It takes experience to recognise all hazards and when you do, allow for enough time and space to respond so that it doesn’t become a danger.
Follow the OSM PSL routine each time you recognise a hazard.
Observe to check the position and distance of following traffic by using mirrors or looking behind if safe to do so.
Signal your intention to change direction if necessary.
The Manoeuvre now has three parts:
Position yourself in good time so that you can negotiate the hazard,
adjust your Speed so that you are able to safely slow or stop if necessary and
continually Look to assess changes in the situation or any new potential or developing hazards.